Podvodni ribolov La Ventana — vjetar, valovi, vidljivost, plima i kamere uživo

• dog snapper / pargo
  Lutjanus novemfasciatus · 3–15 m · tide change — moving water · dusk/night
  Hard-fighting reef snapper around rocky points & pinnacles; ambush on the tide change, best at dusk/night. Peaks in the warm months. Mexican rule sets no minimum size.
• leopard grouper
  Mycteroperca rosacea · 5–25 m · tide change — moving water · daytime
  Leopard grouper on rocky reef, by day. Forms spawning aggregations in spring (Apr–Jun) — very vulnerable then, take sparingly. No minimum size in the rule.
• California sheephead
  Semicossyphus pulcher · 3–20 m · tide change — moving water · daytime
  California sheephead on rocky reef, by day; resident, best in the warm months. Roots the bottom — approach slowly. No minimum size in the rule.
• yellow snapper
  Lutjanus argentiventris · 3–15 m · tide change — moving water · dusk/night
  Yellow snapper by rocks & estuary edges; warm months, best at dusk/night on the tide change. No minimum size in the rule.

• ✓Spearfishing needs an INDIVIDUAL permit of its own: «la pesca subacuática … requerirá de permiso individual» (NOM-017, art. 4.3). CONAPESCA/SADER issue it online through E5CINCO (day/week/month/year). You must carry the permit and show it whenever you are asked (art. 4.14). Apnea only — spearing on scuba is banned (art. 4.5).
• ✓One speargun per fisher — band, spring or pneumatic; hooks (ganchos), gaffs (fisgas) and light lures are prohibited (NOM-017, art. 4.5). The spearfishing bag is 5 specimens per person per day, of any marine or freshwater fish (art. 4.9.4). You may not fish within 250 m of working commercial vessels and set gear, nor within 250 m of the shore of beaches used by bathers (art. 4.10).
• ✓Reserved to rod-and-reel sport fishing (do NOT spear, conservative rule): marlin, sailfish, swordfish, tarpon, roosterfish and dorado. Lobster, conch and octopus are outside sport fishing.
• ✓Grouper (mero) closed season to 31 Mar (Gulf/Yucatán focus). Marine ANPs (APFF Islas del Golfo — Espíritu Santo, Balandra) are no-take cores: do not shoot.
• ✓Only FISH may be taken. Crustaceans and molluscs are prohibited — with a single exception for squid; marine mammals, reptiles and amphibians are out too (NOM-017, art. 4.2). Lobster, conch and octopus fall under that ban.
• ✓The catch belongs to the permit holder and MAY NOT be traded (NOM-017, art. 4.11). Filleting ashore is not allowed — only aboard and only for eating during the trip (billfish excepted); gutting is fine (art. 4.12).
• ✓Nets, multi-hook longlines, explosives and toxic substances may not merely be used — they may not even be CARRIED on a sport-fishing vessel (NOM-017, art. 4.16). Anchoring closer than 15 m to the perimeter of a coral reef is prohibited, and on the reef itself never.
• ✓The federal rules are a FLOOR, not a ceiling. You may not fish in closed zones and seasons, and in refuge zones, reserves and ANPs fishing «is permitted only on the terms and conditions laid down by the instruments applicable in that zone», plus the express authorisation of the Secretariat (NOM-017, art. 4.10). So inside a protected area read its own Reglas Administrativas — they can ban the speargun outright.
• ✓The permit is not always a federal one. In Quintana Roo sport-recreational fishing needs a STATE permit: «Se requiere permiso del Instituto para la realización de Pesca en su modalidad Deportivo-recreativa» (Ley de Pesca Responsable y Acuacultura para el Estado de Quintana Roo, art. 38). Other coastal states have comparable laws.

• ⛔ 🚫 Sport spearfishing is fish-only: lobster, conch (caracol) and octopus may NOT be speared (squid is the sole exception). NOM-017 §4.2.
• ⛔ 🚫 Totoaba, sea turtles, marine mammals and corals — no-take (NOM-059). Inside the national parks (Cabo Pulmo, Cozumel, Puerto Morelos, Revillagigedo) all hunting is banned.

Rules change. Before heading out, check with CONAPESCA/SADER (E5CINCO permit), CONANP (no-take marine ANPs) and NOM-059; apnea only.

• Setovi: prati nizove valova ≥15 min prije ulaska; Hmax ≈ 2×Hs, zapljuskivanje može ići 50 m dalje od linije pjene. Zatišje >10 min uz period >12 s = veliki set koji «kasni», NE ulazi; uđi odmah nakon što prođe cijeli set i provjeri ponovno u 30. minuti.
• Izlaz PRVO: nađi izlaz I rezervni prije ulaska. Na kamenitoj obali ili obali s gromadama porast mrtvog mora od 0,5 m može onemogućiti izlazak — ostati zaglavljen/bez izlaza glavni je ubojica.
• Struja na rtu: na izbočenim rtovima često postoji stalna topografska povratna struja, bez obzira na model — lociraj je, ulazi/izlazi s privjetrine, nikad ne plivaj protiv nje.
• Hladnoća: neopren prema prikazanoj SST; prvi drhtaj = skok metabolizma i pad apneje → izađi na prvi ustrajni drhtaj. Ispod 15 °C ograniči izlazak na 45–60 min.
• Disciplina u solo ronjenju: bova gore; nekome reci lokaciju i vrijeme izlaska; konzervativna apneja (nikad ne forsiraj u hladnoj/mutnoj/uzburkanoj vodi); vidljivost <3 m — ne ulazi.
• Poslijepodnevni vjetar: na mnogim obalama vjetar jača od podneva — planiraj izlazak iz vode do podneva; kad se digne kratki val — izlazi.
• UV 11:00–15:00 (UV indeks ≥6): krema za sunce i pokrij se u pauzama na površini.
• Solo je temeljni rizik (hipoksični gubitak svijesti bez partnera). Bilo kakva sumnja = ne ide se.