Compiled by the spearo sea-state engine · How it works →
The verdict comes from seven water factors and hard safety gates — not ten tabs. Go or stay.
How we score the water
Our own model
Our own forecast engine — not a third-party widget. It weighs these water factors into one go-or-stay verdict for this coast; the 0–10 dial is that verdict, read out as a number.
01
Swell & wave memory
Height, period and direction of the swell, plus the wake of recent storms — an old storm still stirs the water, and the engine remembers.
02
Wind & gusts
Speed and gusts, hour by hour — wind speed and an onshore push chop the surface and cut visibility.
03
Tide phase
Timing and range of the tide, calibrated per coast — big spring tides pull the verdict toward caution.
04
Water temperature
Sea-surface temperature — sharply cold water vetoes a green verdict.
05
Currents & outflow
Direction and drift of the current — it pushes you, and it drags turbid coastal water across where you dive.
06
Rain runoff & air clarity
Rain muddies the water inshore through land runoff, while fog and haze cut visibility at the surface.
07
Coast shape & exposure
How the coast faces the swell — a sheltered cove keeps the water clean; an exposed, head-on point takes a penalty.
Safety gates
Thunderstorm forecast — an instant red, no exceptions.
An official warning (MeteoAlarm / IPMA) — yellow, or red for the higher ranks.
Missing input data — a would-be green is capped to yellow rather than overstated.
Strong disagreement between forecast models — a green day is pulled back to yellow.
Night hours — where night spearfishing is banned by law the window is forced red; where it is legal (Australia outside NSW, New Zealand, South Africa) it is capped at yellow, never green.
It all folds into a single 0–10 score and one verdict: go or stay.
A forecast, not a guarantee — the sea has the last word.
Where to get in, where to hunt
Entry points with coordinates
Seabed relief — promising ground
This verdict — in your pocket. Open the app for the week's window.
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0 m
Surface
Wind, wave and the swell windows — when to go and the best hours.
spearo.app
INMET no dataupdated 14:12
Itajaí — solo, off the rocks
BEST WINDOW
best weather window · solo, stay careful, run the checklist · calm conditions: swell, wind and visibility all normal
wave 0.9 m head-onwind 5 km/hvisibility ~3 mwindow 12:00–21:00
What's missing? Tell us what you'd like to see — new spots, species, data or features. We read everything.
Your best window — with you. Forecast in your pocket.
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−10 m
The water column
Visibility and what drives it — post-storm clearing, river plume, temperature and the thermocline.
What it is
A marine instrument, go / no-go for solo hunting.
spearo.app folds wind, wave, swell period, visibility, tides, water temperature and risk into a single verdict — go to the spot or not. It computes 7 days ahead from open marine models (Open-Meteo, IPMA), with no sign-up and no accounts. Built for solo spearfishing off the rocks, where any mistake costs dearly.
Now live: 1391 spots across 205 stretches of coast — mainland Portugal, Madeira and the Azores.
The rocks running out to sea at the Cabeçudas corner form a natural pier, 0–6 m, walk-in. It is the calmest beach in town — and therefore the dirtiest: it sits inside the river bar's influence and the water disappears after rain. ⚠️ WARNING: a costão adjoining a beach, inside the 50 m band of IN MMA nº 41/2005; confirm the limits. Coordinate estimated on the OSM coastline, 60 m offshore.
A small cove between Praia Brava and Cabeçudas, closed in by Atlantic-forest hills, 0–8 m. Greenish water, the cleanest in the municipality, but access is restricted: the land is federal, under Navy responsibility, and the only authorised way in is over the Morcego headland at the corner of Praia Brava, at low tide. ⚠️ WARNING: a costão adjoining a beach, therefore inside the 50 m band of IN MMA nº 41/2005; confirm the limits. Coordinate estimated on the OSM coastline, 60 m offshore.
A small cove against Morro do Atalaia, 0–6 m, walk-in. It is the municipality's closest point to the Itajaí-Açu bar: the river plume reaches here first, and on the ebb or after rain you see nothing. ⚠️ WARNING: besides the 50 m band of IN MMA nº 41/2005, NPCP-SC bans diving and fishing in the bar and its «adjacent areas», and the act never delimits that phrase; confirm the limits. The place-name match is weak — the coordinate is to be confirmed.
SOLO is the biggest risk: underwater you can black out from lack of oxygen silently and fatally, with no one around. Solo is never truly «safe». Below are the best weather windows; carry a buoy, tell someone your plan and exit time, and any doubt — don't go.
One morning glance — and you know.
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Surfacing
Cameras, map and reference — to hand as you come up.
Live cameras, map & reference
Cameras · live
Look at the water right now.
Check the cam BEFORE you leave. Foam, brown/green murk, or waves washing the entry rocks = No-go. At night/in fog the cam is useless — treat it as «unknown», NOT «green».
Itajaí (SC) — Praia Brava (ConexãoDCTV)YouTube live — Itajaí (SC) — Praia Brava (ConexãoDCTV). Seafront camera at Praia Brava, ~1.5 km north of Cabeçudas and Praia da Solidão; it reads the sea state and the wind, not the underwater visibility. Embeddable under YouTube's terms (the owner left embedding on). Read the water before you go.camera: youtube ↗
State closed seasons: BA 15 May–31 Jul; ES 1 May–30 Jun; PR 1 Nov–31 Dec; SP — none.
common snook
Centropomus undecimalis · 0–15 m · legal
State closed seasons: BA 15 May–31 Jul; ES 1 May–30 Jun; PR 1 Nov–31 Dec; SP — none.
dusky grouper
Epinephelus marginatus · 8–40 m · ⚠️ closed season/limit
⚠️ Closed season 1 Nov–28 Feb (national, Port. Interm. 41/2018). Slot 47–73 cm — a minimum AND a maximum (art. 3º). Vulnerable — go easy.
gag grouper
Mycteroperca microlepis · 5–40 m · legal
black grouper
Mycteroperca bonaci · 5–40 m · 🚫 no-take
🚫 On the 2026 national list (Portaria GM/MMA 1.667/2026) — integrally protected by 1.666/2026, art. 3º: taking, transporting, keeping and selling are prohibited. Do not shoot.
comb grouper
Mycteroperca acutirostris · 3–30 m · legal
⏳ A legal target today; from 25.10.2026 it is fully protected (Portaria GM/MMA 1.666/2026, art. 3º; the 180-day term of art. 12).
snowy grouper
Hyporthodus niveatus · 20–60 m · 🚫 no-take
🚫 On the 2026 national list (Portaria GM/MMA 1.667/2026) — integrally protected by 1.666/2026, art. 3º: taking, transporting, keeping and selling are prohibited. Do not shoot.
yellowedge grouper
Hyporthodus flavolimbatus · 30–80 m · legal
⏳ A legal target today; from 25.10.2026 it is fully protected (Portaria GM/MMA 1.666/2026, art. 3º; the 180-day term of art. 12).
greenbeak parrotfish
Scarus trispinosus · 2–25 m · 🚫 no-take
🚫 On the 2026 national list (Portaria GM/MMA 1.667/2026) — integrally protected by 1.666/2026, art. 3º: taking, transporting, keeping and selling are prohibited. Do not shoot.
Brazilian agile parrotfish
Sparisoma amplum · 2–25 m · legal
⏳ A legal target today; from 25.10.2026 it is fully protected (Portaria GM/MMA 1.666/2026, art. 3º; the 180-day term of art. 12).
cubera snapper
Lutjanus cyanopterus · 5–40 m · 🚫 no-take
🚫 On the 2026 national list (Portaria GM/MMA 1.667/2026) — integrally protected by 1.666/2026, art. 3º: taking, transporting, keeping and selling are prohibited. Do not shoot.
grey triggerfish
Balistes capriscus · 5–40 m · legal
⏳ A legal target today; from 25.10.2026 it is fully protected (Portaria GM/MMA 1.666/2026, art. 3º; the 180-day term of art. 12).
bluefish
Pomatomus saltatrix · 0–20 m · legal
whitemouth croaker
Micropogonias furnieri · 2–25 m · legal
black drum
Pogonias courbina · 2–25 m · 🚫 no-take
🚫 On the 2026 national list (Portaria GM/MMA 1.667/2026) — integrally protected by 1.666/2026, art. 3º: taking, transporting, keeping and selling are prohibited. Do not shoot.
lebranche mullet
Mugil liza · 0–12 m · ⚠️ closed season/limit
Managed by annual quotas/seasons. Min 35 cm; estuary bars may be restricted in season.
king mackerel
Scomberomorus cavalla · 2–30 m · legal
serra Spanish mackerel
Scomberomorus brasiliensis · 1–25 m · legal
mahi-mahi
Coryphaena hippurus · 0–30 m · legal
greater amberjack
Seriola dumerili · 5–40 m · legal
crevalle jack
Caranx hippos · 0–25 m · legal
silver porgy
Diplodus argenteus · 0–15 m · legal
lionfish
Pterois volitans · 3–40 m · invasive — target
Invasive, spreading in NE Brazil. Culling encouraged. Venomous spines — careful; flesh edible.
Atlantic goliath grouper
Epinephelus itajara · 1–30 m · 🚫 no-take
🚫 CR on the 2026 national list (Portaria GM/MMA 1.667/2026) — integrally protected by art. 3º of Portaria GM/MMA 1.666/2026; moratorium since 2002, indefinite. Do not take, release it. Fine R$700–100,000 + gear seizure.
Law
✓A is REQUIRED, issued on gov.br by the . There are exactly two sub-categories and what chooses between them is WHETHER YOU USE A BOAT: from the shore — Desembarcada, R$ 20/year; from a boat — Embarcada, R$ 60/year. There is no «Subaquática» sub-category (Decreto 8.425/2015, art. 3º § 1º II). Exempt: under-18 accompanied, men 65+ and women 60+.
✓Apnea only: «Fica proibido o uso de aparelhos de respiração artificial durante a prática da pesca subaquática» (Portaria SAP/MAPA 616/2022, art. 4º § 3º). The vessel supporting the fishing may not even CARRY cylinders, a compressor or any underwater breathing apparatus — except where the maritime authority requires it (§ 4º).
✓Goliath grouper (mero, Epinephelus itajara): CR on the 2026 national list (Portaria GM/MMA 1.667/2026) and integrally protected by art. 3º of Portaria GM/MMA 1.666/2026; the moratorium dates from 2002 and is renewed. Never a legal target — capture, transport or sale is an environmental offence.
✓Closed seasons: true grouper 1 Nov–28 Feb nationwide (slot 47–73 cm); sirigado/badejo/caranha 1 Aug–30 Sep; bluefish in the S/SE 1 Dec–31 Mar; robalo — ES 1 May–30 Jun, BA 15 May–31 Jul; lobster 1 Nov–30 Apr, BUT WHILE DIVING IT IS CLOSED ALL YEAR (Portaria SAP/MAPA 221/2021, art. 6º III). Mind minimum sizes.
✓The speargun and the arbalete are expressly permitted amateur gear: «espingarda de mergulho ou arbalete com qualquer tipo de propulsão e qualquer tipo de seta» (Portaria SAP/MAPA 616/2022, art. 4º IV). The act sets NO limit on power, length, tip or reel.
✓Selling the catch is prohibited: «É vedada a comercialização do recurso pesqueiro capturado» (Portaria SAP/MAPA 616/2022, art. 6º). Nor may you store or carry the fish in a way that hinders inspection — in steaks, fillets or headless (art. 12).
✓The amateur sea limit is 15 kg plus one specimen (Portaria SAP/MAPA 616/2022, art. 8º); in inland and estuarine waters, 10 kg plus one (art. 7º). THIS IS THE FEDERAL FLOOR: inside a protected unit that unit's own regime applies. In the RESEX Marinha do Arraial do Cabo it is 10 kg plus one and no more than 100 kg per boat per day, amateur spearfishing is open only to «Beneficiários C» on an ICMBio authorisation, twelve named places are closed and you must stay 300 m off them (Portaria ICMBio 895/2020, items 63, 65 and 69).
✓Licence and reporting: carry personal ID and a valid Licença de Pescador Amador ou Esportivo under the RGP, and it does NOT displace state and municipal rules (Portaria SAP/MAPA 616/2022, art. 17). Every fishing day is reported on the
Safety protocol
Sets: watch the wave trains ≥15 min before entering; Hmax ≈ 2×Hs, the wash can run 50 m past the foam line. A lull >10 min with period >12 s = a big set «overdue», do NOT enter; enter right after a full set passes and re-check at minute 30.
Exit FIRST: find your exit AND a backup before entering. On a rocky/boulder shore a 0.5 m rise in swell can make the exit impossible — getting pinned/unable to climb out is the main killer.
Headland rip: prominent points often have a permanent topographic rip regardless of the model — locate it, enter/exit on the windward side, never swim against it.
Cold: wetsuit per the SST chip; the first shiver = a metabolic surge and a drop in breath-hold → get out at the first steady shiver. Cap the session at 45–60 min below 15 °C.
Solo discipline: buoy up; tell someone the spot and exit time; conservative breath-hold (never push it in cold/murky/surfy water); visibility <3 m — don't enter.
Afternoon wind: on many coasts the wind builds from midday — plan to be out of the water by midday; the chop builds — get out.
UV 11:00–15:00 (UVI ≥6): sunscreen and cover up on the surface interval.
Solo is a fundamental risk (hypoxic blackout with no buddy). Any doubt = No-go.
FAQ — spearfishing in Itajaí
Where can I spearfish in Itajaí?
Itajaí has rock entry points such as Praia da Solidão — costão, Costão de Cabeçudas and Praia do Geremias — costão. A port city at the mouth of the Itajaí-Açu river: the river plume and port traffic keep the northern half of the municipality turbid — divers working the Pallas wreck inside the channel reported strong current and zero visibility. Below you'll find each spot (access, shelter and hazards) and today's forecast.
When is the best season in Itajaí?
Best late spring to autumn (Nov–Apr), when the subtropical south calms; winter brings cold fronts and swell.
How cold is the water in Itajaí?
Cooler subtropical water, ~18–24 °C — 3 mm most of the year, 5 mm in winter. Clarity varies with swell and river runoff.
Is Itajaí good for a beginner?
Moderate: exposed subtropical coast with rock points and islands; pick the calm windows between cold fronts.
Do I need a licence in Itajaí?
Yes — in Itajaí you need the Licença de Pesca Amadora (gov.br portal; the category follows boat use, per the MPA: «desembarcada» R$ 20/yr when you enter from shore, «embarcada» R$ 60/yr with a boat — Portaria 616/2022 itself sets no categories; 65+/pensioners exempt). Breath-hold only (no scuba tank — art. 4º §3º), licence on you (art. 17); take home at most 15 kg + 1 fish and never filleted or headless (arts. 8º and 12); don't sell the catch (art. 6º). A marker buoy is mandatory in Santa Catarina (IN MMA 21/2005, art. 5º) — there is no federal buoy rule. Goliath grouper (mero) is full no-take, dusky grouper has a 1 Nov–28 Feb closed season, badejo-mira and peroá close on 25/10/2026 (Portaria GM/MMA 1.666/2026, art. 12) and taking lobster while diving is banned all year (Portaria SAP/MAPA 221/2021, art. 6º III). See the guide.
form by the fifth working day of the following month (art. 14).
✓Santa Catarina runs its own regime: spearfishing along the state's coast is permitted EXCLUSIVELY on a breath hold (IN MMA 21/2005, art. 1º); closed is the 50 m strip from the low-water line IN THE AREAS OF BEACHES, island beaches included, plus the first 50 m of the rocky costões ADJOINING those beaches (IN MMA 21/2005 art. 4º, in the IN MMA 41/2005 redaction) — a costão with no beach beside it is not closed by this article; a signalling buoy is MANDATORY (IN MMA 21/2005, art. 5º); catch and effort are reported to IBAMA/CEPSUL quarterly (art. 3º). The strip is set by the norm but has no coordinates — it is a text rule, not a zone on the map.
✓In the Proteção Integral group (national park, biological reserve, ecological station and others) only INDIRECT use of the natural resources is admitted — no taking, collecting or damage (Lei 9.985/2000, art. 7º and art. 2º). Spearfishing is direct use, so it is closed there. The saving «com exceção dos casos previstos nesta Lei» is real: arts. 12 and 13 preserve private holdings in a Monumento Natural and a Refúgio de Vida Silvestre. An APA carries no fishing ban of its own (art. 15) — its managing body sets the rules.
•Rio de Janeiro state runs a text rule, not a zone: spearfishing — and carrying a loaded speargun past bathers — is banned within 200 m of the arrebentação (the surf break) on beaches frequented by bathers (Resolução SSP-RJ nº 0451/1981, art. 4º V). The same act EXPRESSLY PERMITS spearfishing along the state's rocky costões that bathers do not frequent (art. 2º item 5). Itaúna in Saquarema is listed by the act as a surf beach «em toda a sua extensão» (art. 2º item 3 al. f), which makes the rule very likely to apply there — but the act does NOT give Itaúna the status of a «praia freqüentada por banhistas». Neither the surf break nor the edge of a «bathing beach» has coordinates, so this is not drawn on the map — it is a text rule. There is no Itaúna-specific prohibition, state or municipal, and no state statute on spearfishing exists at all.
⛔ 🚫 Goliath grouper (Epinephelus itajara) — indefinite moratorium (CR). Not a legal target: do not take, release.
⛔ Hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna lewini/zygaena) and angel sharks (Squatina spp.) — red list, take banned. Don't shoot.
⛔ ⏳ Badejo-Mira (Mycteroperca acutirostris), Cherne-Amarelo (Hyporthodus flavolimbatus), Budião (Sparisoma amplum), Peroá (Balistes capriscus) — a legal target until 25.10.2026; from that day, a full ban (Portaria GM/MMA 1.666/2026, art. 12 — 180 days).
⛔ 🚫 Not taken with amateur diving gear (Portaria SAP/MAPA 616/2022 — the gear, not the species list): Polvo (Octopus spp.), Lagosta.
Rules change and vary by state. Before heading out, check on gov.br (recreational licence, MPA) and the state closed seasons/sizes; apnea only, goliath grouper is banned.